Guatemala is a country located in Central America, bordered by Mexico to the north and west, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, Honduras to the east, El Salvador to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. With a population of around 17 million and a land area of 42,042 square miles, Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America.
Guatemala has a rich culture and history, incredible natural beauty, and warm, welcoming people. Here is an in-depth look at exactly what Guatemala is known for and what makes this country so special.
Ancient Maya Civilization
One of the things Guatemala is most famous for is the ancient Maya civilization. The Maya people inhabited Guatemala and surrounding regions in Central America and Mexico from around 2000 BC to 900 AD.
The ancient Maya were an advanced civilization known for their hieroglyphic writing system, sophisticated mathematics and calendar systems, monumental architecture, and complex urban planning.
Some of the major Maya sites located in Guatemala include:
- Tikal – One of the largest and most significant Maya cities, located in Guatemala’s Petén region. Home to towering temple pyramids, palaces, and ballcourts.
- El Mirador – A huge Preclassic Maya city in northern Petén with some of the largest pyramids in the Maya world.
- Kaminaljuyu – Once a thriving Maya city located near modern-day Guatemala City. The fallen stone sculptures here display the superb artistry of Maya sculptors.
- Quiriguá – Home to the tallest stelae (stone monuments) built by the Maya, intricately carved with Maya hieroglyphs and art.
- Iximche – Capital city of the Late Postclassic Kaqchikel Maya kingdom.
The brilliance of Maya architecture, art, mathematics, and astronomy can still be seen in the awe-inspiring ruins left behind at these and many other Maya sites across Guatemala.
The Mystery of the Maya Collapse
One of the most intriguing things about the ancient Maya is the mystery surrounding their collapse around 900 AD. Scholars have proposed many theories for the downfall of this advanced civilization, including environmental degradation, war, drought, and disease. The true reasons remain hotly debated today.
Guatemala’s Maya sites offer clues into this complex, sophisticated society and the catastrophic collapse that ended its dominance in Central America.
Stunning Natural Beauty and Biodiversity
In addition to ancient ruins, Guatemala is also famous for its incredible natural beauty and biodiversity. With landscapes ranging from tropical jungles and volcanoes to pristine beaches and lakes, Guatemala is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers.
Some of Guatemala’s most beautiful natural attractions include:
- Lake Atitlán – Known as one of the most beautiful lakes in the world, located in the Guatemalan highlands surrounded by three dramatic volcanoes.
- Semuc Champey – A natural limestone bridge with turquoise pools perfect for swimming located in the midst of lush jungle.
- Rio Dulce – The breathtaking “sweet river” flowing through steep jungle-clad hills and canyons to the Caribbean coast.
- Tikal National Park – The magnificent Maya ruins of Tikal Temples rise above the lush Petén rainforest.
- Pacaya Volcano – An active volcano offering incredible views and hiking opportunities.
- Monterrico – A Pacific coast beach town with beautiful volcanic black sand beaches.
- Ipala Volcano – A beautiful inactive volcano crater lake surrounded by cloud forest, perfect for hiking and exploring.
With over 33,000 species of flora and fauna identified so far, Guatemala has incredible biodiversity. Guatemala has 14 distinct ecological regions ranging from mangrove forests to pine-oak forests to tropical wet and dry forests. This makes Guatemala one of the most biodiverse countries per square kilometer in the world.
Traditional Textiles and Handicrafts
Guatemala has a vibrant tradition of arts, textiles, and handicrafts passed down through generations of skilled artisans. Two things Guatemala is especially famous for are its beautifully woven, colorful textiles and its traditional masks and wood carvings.
Some highlights of Guatemalan handicrafts include:
- Weaving – Each region in Guatemala has its own distinctive weaving style and designs. Well-known textiles include the huipil (embroidered women’s blouse), corte (wraparound skirt), faja (belt), and jaspe and brocade fabrics. Weaving techniques and designs are passed down through Maya women in villages across Guatemala.
- Masks – Guatemalan masks are world-renowned for their elaborate, colorful designs. Masks symbolizing animals like jaguars were important in Maya ceremonies. Today, masks are used in folkloric dances and parades. The most famous place to buy masks is Chichicastenango Market.
- Wood carving – Intricately carved wooden objects are a popular handicraft in Guatemala. These include painted boxes, chests, figurines, masks, cooking implements, and furniture. Popular carving styles include the flamboyant, playful “chorro” style and more traditional religious carvings.
Supporting Local Artisans
Many tours and shops in Guatemala offer visitors the chance to meet local artisans at work or purchase textiles, carvings, pottery, and other handicrafts directly from the artists. This provides vital support for keeping these handicraft traditions alive while giving artisans fair wages for their skills and labor.
Indigenous Maya Culture
Today, indigenous Maya make up over 40% of Guatemala’s population. While traditions have changed over time, in many villages across Guatemala, Maya culture and language continues to thrive. This living indigenous culture is another thing Guatemala is famous for.
Some aspects of contemporary Maya culture and tradition in Guatemala include:
- Maya languages – Over 20 distinct Maya languages are still spoken in Guatemala today, including K’iche’, Mam, Q’eqchi’, and Kaqchikel. Many Maya people, especially women, wear traditional clothing and speak Maya languages in their daily life.
- Spiritual traditions – Maya spirituality blends Catholic influences with ancient Maya beliefs. Shamans called daykeepers continue ancient healing and spiritual practices. Maya ceremonies take place according to the 260-day sacred calendar.
- Maize agriculture – Maize remains vitally important in Maya culture. Traditional subsistence farming practices continue in the Guatemalan highlands, including companion planting of beans and squash with corn.
- Village markets – Markets in places like Chichicastenango provide a meeting place for Maya villagers to trade hand-woven textiles, produce, and handicrafts and practice ancient bartering traditions.
While Maya communities have faced oppression and discrimination over the centuries, Maya culture lives on and remains an integral part of Guatemala’s national identity. Many Maya people wear traditional dress proudly and continue speaking their languages and carrying on ancient traditions.
Delicious Guatemalan Cuisine
Guatemalan cuisine is another thing the country is famous for. Guatemalan food incorporates influences from Maya, Spanish, and Caribbean cultures, creating mouthwatering dishes packed with vibrant flavors.
Some top foods and drinks to try in Guatemala include:
- Pepian – A rich, spiced meat stew made with chili peppers, sesame seeds, peanuts, tomatoes, and spices. Each region has its own version of pepian.
- Tamales – Spiced masa dough with meat or other fillings, wrapped and steamed in plantain leaves or corn husks. Guatemalan tamales are a labor of love.
- Shrimp ceviche – Chilled, lime-marinated shrimp served in a tomato-based sauce with onions and seasonings. A signature Guatemalan dish.
- Chiles rellenos – Mild green chili peppers stuffed with ground meat and deep-fried.
- Subanik – A toasted Maya maize bread traditionally cooked over coals by street vendors. Subanik makes the perfect snack.
- Licor – Sweet, thick Guatemalan liqueurs flavored with fruits, coffee, anise, and other native ingredients. Licor de crema is especially decadent.
The rich aromas and flavors of Guatemalan street food, market snacks, home cooking, and specialty regional dishes are an integral part of Guatemala’s culture and identity.
Fascinating History
In addition to the ancient Maya, Guatemala has a complex, multilayered history spanning Spanish colonization, independence movements, military dictatorships, and struggles for human rights and democracy. Some key historical events that shaped Guatemala include:
- Spanish conquest – In 1524, Pedro de Alvarado invaded Guatemala, brutally conquering the Maya and establishing the Spanish Captaincy General of Guatemala which ruled for nearly 300 years.
- Independence – Guatemala gained independence from Spain in 1821 and joined the First Mexican Empire, then became part of the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823.
- Dictatorships – After periods of instability, Guatemala came under the authoritarian rule of General Jorge Ubico from 1931 to 1944, followed by a democratically elected government that was overthrown in a US-backed coup in 1954, ushering in decades of military dictatorships.
- Civil war – From 1960 to 1996, Guatemala was embroiled in a brutal civil war between the Guatemalan army and Marxist guerrilla groups. Over 200,000 people, mainly indigenous Maya, were killed or disappeared.
- Democracy – In 1986, Guatemala transitioned to a democratic government after fraudulent elections. The 1996 Peace Accords marked the official end to the civil war. Guatemala continues to grapple with violence, corruption, and rebuilding justice and trust.
This tumultuous history has shaped Guatemalan politics, society, and culture today. Learning about Guatemala’s complex history provides deeper insight into the country.
Popular Tourist Destinations
From ancient ruins to stunning landscapes to vibrant culture, Guatemala offers visitors a wealth of exciting attractions. Here are some of Guatemala’s top tourist destinations:
Antigua
This picturesque city surrounded by volcanoes was once the Spanish colonial capital of Guatemala. Antigua’s cobblestone streets, preserved Spanish Baroque architecture, ruins, cafes, and boutique hotels enchant visitors. Antigua also hosts many festivals and craft markets.
Lake Atitlán
This deep turquoise lake surrounded by volcanoes is considered one of the most beautiful lakes in the world. Maya villages dot its shores. Activities include hiking, swimming, kayaking, and visiting markets. Panajachel, Santa Cruz La Laguna, and Santiago Atitlán are popular stops.
Tikal National Park
Guatemala’s most famous Maya ruins, located in the Petén jungle. Visitors can climb temple pyramids, view ancient plazas and ballcourts, and spot wildlife like monkeys, jaguars, and toucans.
Pacific Coast
Towns like Monterrico and Iztapa boast kilometers of black sand beaches, surfing spots, nature reserves teeming with wildlife, and laidback vibes. The perfect spots to soak up Guatemala’s natural beauty.
Chichicastenango
Every Thursday and Sunday, the streets of this highland town fill with vendors, Maya artisans, and people seeking blessings at Santo Tomás church. One of Guatemala’s most vibrant traditional markets.
With colonial cities, Maya sites, rainforests, beaches, and volcanoes, Guatemala offers diverse regions and adventures to create your ideal travel experience.
Caring for the Environment
While Guatemala faces challenges like deforestation and threats to ecosystems, people across the country are working to protect the environment through conservation initiatives. These include:
- Maya Biosphere Reserve – Protects over 2 million hectares of Petén rainforest and Maya archaeological sites like Tikal and El Mirador.
- Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve – Protects key cloud forest and water resources. Community programs promote sustainable agroforestry and artisanal crafts.
- ARCAS Rescue Center – Rescues and rehabilitates wild animals confiscated from illegal trade. Offers veterinary clinics and environmental education for local communities.
- Eco-lodges – Many eco-friendly lodges use solar power, conserve water, recycle waste, and support local communities. They help fund forest patrols and reforestation efforts.
- IKAL Award – An award recognizing Guatemalan businesses taking action to protect the environment and support local people.
While challenges remain, these efforts show the determination of people working to preserve Guatemala’s natural beauty and cultural heritage for future generations. This care for the earth is an inspiring part of Guatemala’s identity.
Passion for Sports
Guatemalans love sports, especially soccer and boxing. The passion people have for these sports makes them a famous part of Guatemalan culture.
- Soccer – As in many Latin American countries, soccer ignites intense passion in Guatemala. Guatemala’s soccer team has qualified for the World Cup four times. Footballers like Carlos Ruiz became national heroes. Every town has its own team and league.
- Boxing – Boxing is also hugely popular in Guatemala. Guatemalan boxers have won Olympic medals and dozens of professional boxing world titles. Hall of Fame champions include Luis Ángel Firpo, Carlos Zárate, and Ricardo Araneda.
Watching a heated soccer rivalry or cheering on a Guatemalan boxing champion offers a visceral experience of local sports fervor. The crowds, chants, costumes, and energy will leave a lasting memory.
Whether you prefer joining in the sports frenzy or exploring ancient ruins, culture, and landscapes, Guatemala offers incredible diversity. The natural beauty, indigenous traditions, tasty cuisine, and dynamic history come together to make Guatemala a truly memorable travel destination. Guatemala will imprint its magic upon your heart.
Conclusion
From awe-inspiring Maya ruins to colorful handicraft traditions to stunning natural beauty, there are so many reasons why Guatemala stands out as a top Central American travel destination. Beyond just attractions for tourists, the living Maya culture, complex history, delicious cuisine, and welcoming people come together to make Guatemala an unforgettable country to visit.
Though problems like poverty and inequality continue, Guatemala moves towards a brighter future rooted in its vibrant culture and diversity. Whether you seek to explore ancient cities, climb volcanoes, relax on sandy beaches, or immerse yourself in Maya villages, Guatemala offers endless adventures and surprises waiting to be discovered.
Frequently Asked Questions About Guatemala
Here are answers to some common questions about Guatemala:
What languages are spoken in Guatemala?
The official language is Spanish. However, there are over 20 distinct Maya languages spoken by indigenous groups across Guatemala, including K’iche’, Mam, Q’eqchi, Kaqchikel, and more. Many Maya people speak both their native Maya language and Spanish.
What is Guatemala’s capital and largest city?
Guatemala City is the capital and most populous city with over 3 million residents in the metro area. Other major cities include Quetzaltenango, Antigua, and Escuintla.
What currency is used in Guatemala?
The currency in Guatemala is the Guatemalan quetzal (GTQ). The exchange rate is around 7-8 quetzals per US dollar. US dollars are also widely accepted in tourist areas. ATMs are available in larger cities and towns.
What is the weather like in Guatemala?
Due to its varied topography, Guatemala has many regional microclimates. The capital has springlike weather year-round. The altitude keeps the highlands cooler. The best time to visit Tikal and Petén is in the drier months from December to April.
What are some typical Guatemalan dishes I should try?
Some quintessential Guatemalan foods include pepian stew, tamales, empanadas, chiles rellenos, pupusas, chicken cooked in spicy salsa, fried plantains, and corn-based dishes like chuchitos. Licor and coffee are popular local drinks.
How do I get around Guatemala?
Buses connect major destinations across Guatemala. ‘Chicken buses’ offer very cheap tickets. Shuttles and tourist buses connect tourist areas. Taxis are also fairly affordable. For flexibility, renting a car is a good option outside the capital.
Is Guatemala safe for tourists?
Due to past conflicts and gang activity, visitors should exercise caution, especially in Guatemala City. Travel with guides in remote regions. Avoid going out alone at night. Use common sense precautions as in any country.
However, tourists are generally welcomed. Violent crime is primarily an issue for locals involved in gangs. Tourist hotspots have police presence. With reasonable precautions, you can have a safe, rewarding trip.
What are the most famous Mayan ruins in Guatemala?
The most famous Mayan ruins in Guatemala are Tikal, Quiriguá, and El Mirador. Tikal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the largest and most impressive Mayan archaeological sites, known for its towering pyramids and sprawling plazas. Quiriguá is famous for its intricate carved stone monuments, including the tallest freestanding stone monolith in the ancient Mayan world. El Mirador is a massive pre-Classic Mayan city that was once the largest urban center in the Maya lowlands.
What can visitors expect to see at these Mayan ruins?
Visitors to the Mayan ruins in Guatemala can expect to see awe-inspiring pyramids, temples, palaces, plazas, and carved stone monuments, all testaments to the architectural and artistic achievements of the ancient Maya civilization. At Tikal, visitors can climb the iconic Temple IV and marvel at the towering structures rising above the dense jungle canopy. Quiriguá is famous for its intricate carved stelae and zoomorphic sculptures, while El Mirador offers a glimpse into the massive scale of pre-Classic Mayan cities.